Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): EKST

Published: 09-07-2026

Mathematics

Numerical Study of Eigenvalue Problem Using Iterative Methods

Fatin Nur Azrin Ayob, Fazlina Aman

50-57
- PDF 6
- Abstract View 6
Shooting Method to Solve Nonlinear Boundary Value Problem in Heat Transfer

Norzidah Mad Ainal, Fazlina Aman

58-66
- PDF 8
- Abstract View 5
A Comparative Analysis of Monte Carlo Integrations and Numerical Quadrature for Multi-Dimensional Functions

Nurfarhana Izzati Norul Annuar, Fazlina Aman

67-74
- PDF 7
- Abstract View 4
Solving Elliptic Boundary Value Problems using Finite Difference Method in Steady-State Heat Conduction

Nurul Amira Adzazzuddin, Fazlina Aman

75-81
- PDF 7
- Abstract View 4
Comparative Efficiency Analysis of the SIR and SEIR Models Using Numerical Method During Covid-19 Pandemic

Kerk Chi Kang, Mahathir Mohamad

82-92
- PDF 2
- Abstract View 9
Comparison of Fourth-Order Runge-Kutta and Second-Order Taylor Series Method for Solving Influenza Cases

Mohammad Zhulqarnaim Hamizan, Mahathir Mohamad

93-102
- PDF 8
- Abstract View 6
Numerical Simulation of Magnetized Blood Flow in Cylindrical Vessel via Caputo-Fabrizio Time-Fractional Derivative

Muhamad Taufik Abd Aziz, Mahathir Mohamad

103-111
- PDF 4
- Abstract View 9
Optimization of Fixed Deposit Rules Using the Bisection Method

Nur Azalia A Zarudin, Mahathir Mohamad

112-117
- PDF 1
- Abstract View 5
Shortest Route for Electric Vehicle Routing Problem Using Branch and Cut Algorithm

Muhammad Haris Ikhwan Rostam, Muhamad Ghazali Kamardan

118-124
- PDF 0
- Abstract View 6
Analysis of Dijkstra’s and A* Algorithms for the Shortest Route Problem

Muhammad Syafiq Azri Muhamad Azhar , Muhamad Ghazali Kamardan

125-131
- PDF 9
- Abstract View 5
Travelling Saleman Problem via Ant Colony Optimization – An Application Toward Kedah Tourism

Nur Ain Husna Azhar, Muhamad Ghazali Kamardan

132-141
- PDF 3
- Abstract View 5
Optimizing the Shortest Route Problem in Pagoh Using Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm

Nur Nadhirah Mohd Ripi, Muhamad Ghazali Kamardan

142-149
- PDF 3
- Abstract View 4
University Student Enrolment Prediction in Malaysia with State Space Model

Fatin Illyana Mohd Zulhazmy, Kek Sie Long

150-159
- PDF 4
- Abstract View 5
Prediction of Rice Production in Malaysia Using State Space Model

Hanani Farinah Honorius, Kek Sie Long

160-168
- PDF 2
- Abstract View 5
Prediction of Insurance Claim Payouts in Malaysia with State Space Modelling

Lee Heng Yuan, Kek Sie Long

169-177
- PDF 3
- Abstract View 6
Sales Prediction for Fashion Retailer Based on State Space Model

Muhammad Nadzrin Hassan, Kek Sie Long

178-184
- PDF 1
- Abstract View 2
Analysing Customer Waiting Time Using Queuing Models

Hafizuddin Saari, Norzuria Ibrahim

185-191
- PDF 4
- Abstract View 9
Analysing Queuing Systems in Convenience Store Using Queuing Models

Muhammad Haziq Nazmi Badrulzaman, Norzuria Ibrahim

192-198
- PDF 4
- Abstract View 5
Post-Mortem Interval Estimation Using Newton’s Law of Cooling and the Henssge Model

Nur Aina Umira Norahim, Norzuria Ibrahim

199-207
- PDF 8
- Abstract View 7
Solving Tumor Growth Dynamic Using Runge-Kutta and Backward Euler Method

Nur Azmina Mohd Suhaimi, Norzuria Ibrahim

208-214
- PDF 2
- Abstract View 4
Comparative Numerical Analysis of Newton and Modified Newton’s Law of Cooling

Nurul Nazirah Zulkifli, Norzuria Ibrahim

215-223
- PDF 5
- Abstract View 6
Dormand-Prince Method for Solving SIR Model for Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease in Sarawak

Aideena Umairah Musa, Azila Md Sudin

224-234
- PDF 1
- Abstract View 6
A Constructive Heuristic Continuous Approach for Solving Uncapacitated Location-Allocation Problem With Zone-Dependent Fixed Cost

Nuralya Natashah Zaabar, Azila Md Sudin

235-244
- PDF 4
- Abstract View 5
Integer Programming for Solving Hospital Hypertension Patient Menu Planning

Nurul Ain Muhammad, Azila Md Sudin

245-255
- PDF 3
- Abstract View 3
Menu Planning for Diabetic Patients in Malaysia Using Integer Programming

Wan Nur Aleeya Natasha Wan Shuhaimi, Azila Md Sudin

256-263
- PDF 4
- Abstract View 3
Factors Affecting Housing Prices in Malaysia Using Regression and Correlation Analysis

Kyau Chin Wen, Cik Sri Mazzura Muhammad Basri

264-272
- PDF 0
- Abstract View 5
Analytical Study of the Correlation between Consumer Price Index and Inflation in Malaysia

Nur Aziera Izzaty Mazlan, Cik Sri Mazzura Muhammad Basri

273-280
- PDF 3
- Abstract View 7
Modelling Vitamin D Concentration Dynamics in the Human Body Using Partial Differential Equation

Nurul Haziqah Din, Cik Sri Mazzura Muhammad Basri

281-289
- PDF 1
- Abstract View 6
Validation of SAWI Transformation for Nonlinear Differential Equations Using Fourth‑Order Runge‑Kutta

Ahmad Naeem Siddiqi Ibrahim, Noor Azliza Abd Latif, Norziha Che Him

290-298
- PDF 4
- Abstract View 4
Solving System of Ordinary Differential Equation Using SAWI Transformation

Muhammad Adib Adenan, Noor Azliza Abd Latif, Norziha Che Him

299-309
- PDF 6
- Abstract View 3
Solving the Linear Arms Race Model Using SAWI Transformation

Nur Najwa Liyana Taufan, Noor Azliza Abd Latif, Norziha Che Him

310-316
- PDF 4
- Abstract View 4
Solving Two Species Lotka-Volterra Biological Model Using Sawi Transformation

Nur Zawani Jamaludin, Noor Azliza Abd Latif, Norziha Che Him

317-323
- PDF 10
- Abstract View 7
Graph Colouring Technique for Timetable Scheduling in UTHM

Arina Hanim Yahya, Wan Nor Munirah Ariffin

324-332
- PDF 9
- Abstract View 6

Statistics

Minimizing Transportation Cost in Supply Chain Logistics Problem Using Optimization Techniques

Goh Hui Yee, Wan Nor Munirah Ariffin

333-343
- PDF 2
- Abstract View 6
Forecasting Youth Unemployment in Malaysia for Ages 15 to 30 Using ARIMA and Prophet Models

Badrul Rahimi Badrul Hisham, Kamil Khalid

344-352
- PDF 4
- Abstract View 4
Student Satisfaction with University Facilities Using Cross Tabulation Analysis, Correspondence Analysis and Analytic Hierarchy Process

Muhammad Aiman Abdul Aziz, Norziha Che Him, Noor Azliza Abd Latif, Yusliandy Yusof

353-362
- PDF 2
- Abstract View 8
Factors Affecting Mold Growth in Homemade Bread Using Factorial Design

Chan Boon Hui, Norhaidah Mohd Asrah

363-373
- PDF 1
- Abstract View 5
Comparing Multiple Linear and Robust Regression Models in Assessing Economic Indicators’ Impact on GDP

Tan Shun Hong, Azme Khamis

374-384
- PDF 5
- Abstract View 7
Sentiment and Text Analysis of Airbnb Reviews to Understand Traveller Preferences in Tokyo and Singapore

Ang Zhan Xiang, Khuneswari P Gopal Pillay

385-396
- PDF 214
- Abstract View 6
Detection of Money Laundering Activities using Supervised Learning Techniques

Christine Yap En Xi, Rohayu Mohd Salleh

397-408
- PDF 3
- Abstract View 5
Satisfaction Index Regarding Financial Study Loans Among Students in UTHM Pagoh

Nik Azlin Nik Aziz, Suliadi Firdaus Sufahani

409-417
- PDF 2
- Abstract View 8
Statistical Modelling of Child Abuse Incidence in Malaysia: A Count Data Regression Approach (2016-2021)

Nurul Aina Baherunzaman, Siti Noor Asyikin Mohd Razali

418-425
- PDF 5
- Abstract View 3
Time Series Modelling of Daily Blood Donations in Malaysia

Nur Sakinah Azlin, Maria Elena Nor

426-436
- PDF 4
- Abstract View 10
Forecasting Daily Ridership for KTMB Services in Malaysia By Using Time Series Analysis

Nuraqilah Layanah A.Lotfi, Kamil Khalid

437-445
- PDF 2
- Abstract View 11
Predicting Residential Housing Rent Prices Using Machine Learning and Statistical Modelling Approaches

Nur Suhaila Bdrul Hisham, Azme Khamis

446-455
- PDF 9
- Abstract View 10
Analysis of Taste Preferences Influenced by Environmental Factors using Multinomial Logistics Regression

Muhammad Ihsan Hafizar , Norziha Che Him, Noor Azliza Abd Latif, Yusliandy Yusof

456-466
- PDF 8
- Abstract View 4
Forecasting of Rainfall in Kota Bharu Station Using Holt-Winters, SARIMA and Time Series Regression Model

Nur Ayu Nabila Rahim, Maria Elena Nor

467-477
- PDF 6
- Abstract View 9
Assessing the Impact of Age on Foot Morphology and Feature Prioritisation using PERMANOVA and AHP Analysis

Nazatul Aina Nasuha Nazarudin, Norziha Che Him , Noor Azliza Abd Latif, Yusliandy Yusof

478-490
- PDF 1
- Abstract View 5
Comparative Study of Graph Colouring and Simulated Annealing for Examination Timetabling at UTHM Pagoh

Chang Chu Yun, Wan Nor Munirah Ariffin

491-500
- PDF 3
- Abstract View 7
Tourist Route Optimisation in Melaka and Penang Using Nearest Neighbour and GRASP Algorithms

Yung Qing Xiu, Wan Nor Munirah Ariffin

501-511
- PDF 9
- Abstract View 5
Analysis of Social Anxiety Factors using Ordinal Logistic Regression in Australia 2019-2022

Lee Kar Wen, Norziha Che Him, Noor Azliza Abd Latif, Yusliandy Yusof

512-522
- PDF 5
- Abstract View 8
Identifying Factors Affecting the Number of Singapore Tourists’ Arrivals to Malaysia using Regression Analysis

Nur Farah Aliyah Mohd Fadzil, Rohayu Mohd Salleh

523-532
- PDF 11
- Abstract View 9
Assessing Awareness and Opinions on Anti-Corruption and Integrity Education in Malaysian Secondary School

Muhammad Hazim Mohd Badri, Siti Noor Asyikin Mohd Razali

533-542
- PDF 3
- Abstract View 5
Satisfaction Index and Prioritizing the Factor of Students’ Satisfaction Towards UTHM Hostel in Pagoh

Woon Yee Ying, Suliadi Firdaus Sufahani

543-553
- PDF 6
- Abstract View 8
Analysing Electricity Consumption in Malaysia via Linear Programming, Time Series Analysis and Clustering Analysis

Tey Sin Ying, Wan Nor Munirah Ariffin

554-565
- PDF 3
- Abstract View 7
Forecasting Natural Gas Prices in Malaysia Using Double Exponential Smoothing, Arima and XGBoost Models

Kang Yuan Chin, Kamil Khalid

566-571
- PDF 5
- Abstract View 4
Forecasting Electricity Consumption in Malaysia using Holt-Winters’ Exponential Smoothing, SARIMA and FB Prophet

Choong Hor Yin, Kamil Khalid

572-580
- PDF 5
- Abstract View 4
Multinomial Logistic Regression for Diabetes Prediction using LASSO and Elastic Net Regularization

Tai Wei Hong, Khuneswari P Gopal Pillay

581-891
- PDF 3
- Abstract View 9
A Statistical Comparison of Cancer Mortality Rates Between Developed and Developing Countries

Nur Syameerah Hanani Mohd Kamaruzaman, Mohd Saifullah Rusiman

592-602
- PDF 4
- Abstract View 8
Analysis on Students’ Perspective Toward Academic, Career Aspirations and Destinations After SPM in Muar, Johor

Nik Mufidah Hasanah Nik Izan, Siti Noor Asyikin Mohd Razali

603-612
- PDF 5
- Abstract View 8
Assessing Flood Factors through Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Techniques

Ong Jun Xian, Azme Khamis

613-621
- PDF 6
- Abstract View 6

Physic

Design and Development of Smart Irrigation System in Paddy Field

Muhammad Sahimi Othman, Afishah Alias

622-627
- PDF 5
- Abstract View 6
Design and Implementation of a Cryptographic Framework for Secure Communication Using Audio Steganography in Digital Music

Rachel Liew Ruo En, Afishah Alias

628-637
- PDF 11
- Abstract View 9
Development of a Skyglow Investigation System for Simulated Urban Environment

Yuvaneshwaran Srinivasan, Afishah Alias

638-646
- PDF 7
- Abstract View 4
Sensitivity Analysis of AuNP-Functionalized D-Shaped Optical Fiber SPR Sensor Using Agricultural Media

Muhammad Zelmy Hatim Mazlan, Noor Azura Awang

647-652
- PDF 8
- Abstract View 4
Detection of Milk Spoilage Using Au D-Shaped Fiber Sensor based on Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance

Farzana Nazurah Rosli, Noor Azura Awang

653-658
- PDF 4
- Abstract View 4
Differentiation of Imported and Local Rice using Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy (THz-TDS)

Siti Norsyafiqah, Noor Azura Awang

659-665
- PDF 4
- Abstract View 8
Modelling of Tritium Breeding For Fusion Blanket Using Geant 4

Nul Alya Aqilah Mahamad Zaidi, Ahmad Hassan Sallehudin Mohd Sarif

666-674
- PDF 11
- Abstract View 7
Design and Integration of Electronic Pressure Sensor for Stroke Patient

Nur Elmira Zalia Zulhibabullah, Ahmad Hadi Ali

675-681
- PDF 11
- Abstract View 7
Characterization of Sputter Deposited Molybdenum Thin Film on PET for Wearable Health Sensor

Ji Xuan Nga, Ahmad Hadi Ali

682-689
- PDF 4
- Abstract View 3
Sputter Deposition of Silver Thin Films on Pet and Laser Annealing for Flexible Strain Sensor

Trisson Cheong Kok Ming, Ahmad Hadi Ali

690-697
- PDF 6
- Abstract View 8
Characterization of Nickel Thin Films as Strain Sensors for Wearable Health Monitoring System

Nur Khairunnisa Amrang, Ahmad Hadi Ali

698-708
- PDF 5
- Abstract View 5

Biodiversity

Ectoparasite Investigation on Bats in Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Johor

Fatin Nursyamimi Mohd Rasli, Arney Sapaat

709-716
- PDF 6
- Abstract View 11
Assessment on Skeleton Preservation Preparation Techniques of Rats

Haifa Hazwani Habir, Arney Sapaat

717-724
- PDF 6
- Abstract View 9
Distribution of Non Volant Small Mammals in Different Landscape in Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Johor

Hani Fasihah Mohd Shaifuddin, Arney Sapaat

725-732
- PDF 10
- Abstract View 12
Ectoparasites Investigation on Non-Volant Small Mammals in Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Johor

Juliana Joshua, Arney Sapaat

733-741
- PDF 7
- Abstract View 12
Evaluating the Influence of Water Quality on Macroinvertebrate Diversity Using Bioindicator Analysis

Nurul Shahiera Atieka Yunus, Furzani Pa'ee, Hurulain Silmina Hamdi

742-747
- PDF 5
- Abstract View 3
Comparative Study of Heavy Metal Uptake by Invasive Plant in Two Aquatic Environment

Hurulain Silmina Hamdi, Furzani Pa'ee, Haiqal Hazwan Mohd Hanafi, Muhammad Amirullah Mohd Rosli

748-754
- PDF 3
- Abstract View 4

Chemistry

Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Fourier Transform Infrared Analyses of Filled Polymer Pellets

Nazim Basir Nawi, Saliza Asman

1-6
- PDF 14
- Abstract View 17
Thermal and Functional Group Analyses of Potato Starch and Corn Starch Biopolymer Film

Mohamad Syahrul Kabir, Saliza Asman

7-13
- PDF 5
- Abstract View 21
UV-Induced Degradation Behaviour of HDPE, PET and NBR Films: An FTIR Analysis

Zuhayra Mohd Zulfikar, Saliza Asman

14-21
- PDF 13
- Abstract View 37
Surface and Cross-Sectional Morphology of Wood Plastic Composite Using Scanning Electron Microscopy

Muhammad Hazim Kamaruzaman, Saliza Asman

22-29
- PDF 6
- Abstract View 18
Comparative Study on the Surface Morphology and Structural Degradation of Bio-based Polylactic Acid and Conventional High-Density Polyethylene

Nur Insyirah Rosli, Saliza Asman

30-38
- PDF 9
- Abstract View 20
Thermal Degradation and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Characterization of Polypropylene under Multiple Mechanical Recycling Cycles

Siti Hajar Zakaria, Saliza Asman

39-49
- PDF 14
- Abstract View 36