Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): EKST

Published: 09-07-2026

Mathematics

Solving System of Ordinary Differential Equation Using SAWI Transformation

Muhammad Adib Adenan, Noor Azliza Abd Latif, Norziha Che Him

299-309
- PDF 42
- Abstract View 46
Solving the Linear Arms Race Model Using SAWI Transformation

Nur Najwa Liyana Taufan, Noor Azliza Abd Latif, Norziha Che Him

310-316
- PDF 32
- Abstract View 40
Solving Two Species Lotka-Volterra Biological Model Using Sawi Transformation

Nur Zawani Jamaludin, Noor Azliza Abd Latif, Norziha Che Him

317-323
- PDF 42
- Abstract View 36
Graph Colouring Technique for Timetable Scheduling in UTHM

Arina Hanim Yahya, Wan Nor Munirah Ariffin

324-332
- PDF 76
- Abstract View 66
Numerical Study of Eigenvalue Problem Using Iterative Methods

Fatin Nur Azrin Ayob, Fazlina Aman

50-57
- PDF 71
- Abstract View 46
Shooting Method to Solve Nonlinear Boundary Value Problem in Heat Transfer

Norzidah Mad Ainal, Fazlina Aman

58-66
- PDF 52
- Abstract View 34
A Comparative Analysis of Monte Carlo Integrations and Numerical Quadrature for Multi-Dimensional Functions

Nurfarhana Izzati Norul Annuar, Fazlina Aman

67-74
- PDF 43
- Abstract View 29
Solving Elliptic Boundary Value Problems using Finite Difference Method in Steady-State Heat Conduction

Nurul Amira Adzazzuddin, Fazlina Aman

75-81
- PDF 47
- Abstract View 48
Comparative Efficiency Analysis of the SIR and SEIR Models Using Numerical Method During Covid-19 Pandemic

Kerk Chi Kang, Mahathir Mohamad

82-92
- PDF 49
- Abstract View 52
Comparison of Fourth-Order Runge-Kutta and Second-Order Taylor Series Method for Solving Influenza Cases

Mohammad Zhulqarnaim Hamizan, Mahathir Mohamad

93-102
- PDF 46
- Abstract View 49
Numerical Simulation of Magnetized Blood Flow in Cylindrical Vessel via Caputo-Fabrizio Time-Fractional Derivative

Muhamad Taufik Abd Aziz, Mahathir Mohamad

103-111
- PDF 39
- Abstract View 40
Optimization of Fixed Deposit Rules Using the Bisection Method

Nur Azalia A Zarudin, Mahathir Mohamad

112-117
- PDF 47
- Abstract View 46
Shortest Route for Electric Vehicle Routing Problem Using Branch and Cut Algorithm

Muhammad Haris Ikhwan Rostam, Muhamad Ghazali Kamardan

118-124
- PDF 35
- Abstract View 39
Analysis of Dijkstra’s and A* Algorithms for the Shortest Route Problem

Muhammad Syafiq Azri Muhamad Azhar , Muhamad Ghazali Kamardan

125-131
- PDF 68
- Abstract View 45
Travelling Saleman Problem via Ant Colony Optimization – An Application Toward Kedah Tourism

Nur Ain Husna Azhar, Muhamad Ghazali Kamardan

132-141
- PDF 35
- Abstract View 34
Optimizing the Shortest Route Problem in Pagoh Using Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm

Nur Nadhirah Mohd Ripi, Muhamad Ghazali Kamardan

142-149
- PDF 34
- Abstract View 28
University Student Enrolment Prediction in Malaysia with State Space Model

Fatin Illyana Mohd Zulhazmy, Kek Sie Long

150-159
- PDF 54
- Abstract View 42
Prediction of Rice Production in Malaysia Using State Space Model

Hanani Farinah Honorius, Kek Sie Long

160-168
- PDF 34
- Abstract View 45
Prediction of Insurance Claim Payouts in Malaysia with State Space Modelling

Lee Heng Yuan, Kek Sie Long

169-177
- PDF 44
- Abstract View 32
Sales Prediction for Fashion Retailer Based on State Space Model

Muhammad Nadzrin Hassan, Kek Sie Long

178-184
- PDF 38
- Abstract View 37
Analysing Customer Waiting Time Using Queuing Models

Hafizuddin Saari, Norzuria Ibrahim

185-191
- PDF 104
- Abstract View 121
Analysing Queuing Systems in Convenience Store Using Queuing Models

Muhammad Haziq Nazmi Badrulzaman, Norzuria Ibrahim

192-198
- PDF 57
- Abstract View 73
Post-Mortem Interval Estimation Using Newton’s Law of Cooling and the Henssge Model

Nur Aina Umira Norahim, Norzuria Ibrahim

199-207
- PDF 101
- Abstract View 69
Solving Tumor Growth Dynamic Using Runge-Kutta and Backward Euler Method

Nur Azmina Mohd Suhaimi, Norzuria Ibrahim

208-214
- PDF 53
- Abstract View 36
Comparative Numerical Analysis of Newton and Modified Newton’s Law of Cooling

Nurul Nazirah Zulkifli, Norzuria Ibrahim

215-223
- PDF 48
- Abstract View 50
Dormand-Prince Method for Solving SIR Model for Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease in Sarawak

Aideena Umairah Musa, Azila Md Sudin

224-234
- PDF 29
- Abstract View 46
A Constructive Heuristic Continuous Approach for Solving Uncapacitated Location-Allocation Problem With Zone-Dependent Fixed Cost

Nuralya Natashah Zaabar, Azila Md Sudin

235-244
- PDF 56
- Abstract View 40
Integer Programming for Solving Hospital Hypertension Patient Menu Planning

Nurul Ain Muhammad, Azila Md Sudin

245-255
- PDF 30
- Abstract View 37
Menu Planning for Diabetic Patients in Malaysia Using Integer Programming

Wan Nur Aleeya Natasha Wan Shuhaimi, Azila Md Sudin

256-263
- PDF 28
- Abstract View 35
Factors Affecting Housing Prices in Malaysia Using Regression and Correlation Analysis

Kyau Chin Wen, Cik Sri Mazzura Muhammad Basri

264-272
- PDF 32
- Abstract View 39
Analytical Study of the Correlation between Consumer Price Index and Inflation in Malaysia

Nur Aziera Izzaty Mazlan, Cik Sri Mazzura Muhammad Basri

273-280
- PDF 54
- Abstract View 48
Modelling Vitamin D Concentration Dynamics in the Human Body Using Partial Differential Equation

Nurul Haziqah Din, Cik Sri Mazzura Muhammad Basri

281-289
- PDF 32
- Abstract View 37
Validation of SAWI Transformation for Nonlinear Differential Equations Using Fourth‑Order Runge‑Kutta

Ahmad Naeem Siddiqi Ibrahim, Noor Azliza Abd Latif, Norziha Che Him

290-298
- PDF 33
- Abstract View 35

Statistics

Minimizing Transportation Cost in Supply Chain Logistics Problem Using Optimization Techniques

Goh Hui Yee, Wan Nor Munirah Ariffin

333-343
- PDF 96
- Abstract View 72
Forecasting Youth Unemployment in Malaysia for Ages 15 to 30 Using ARIMA and Prophet Models

Badrul Rahimi Badrul Hisham, Kamil Khalid

344-352
- PDF 33
- Abstract View 43
Student Satisfaction with University Facilities Using Cross Tabulation Analysis, Correspondence Analysis and Analytic Hierarchy Process

Muhammad Aiman Abdul Aziz, Norziha Che Him, Noor Azliza Abd Latif, Yusliandy Yusof

353-362
- PDF 47
- Abstract View 58
Factors Affecting Mold Growth in Homemade Bread Using Factorial Design

Chan Boon Hui, Norhaidah Mohd Asrah

363-373
- PDF 64
- Abstract View 131
Comparing Multiple Linear and Robust Regression Models in Assessing Economic Indicators’ Impact on GDP

Tan Shun Hong, Azme Khamis

374-384
- PDF 45
- Abstract View 56
Sentiment and Text Analysis of Airbnb Reviews to Understand Traveller Preferences in Tokyo and Singapore

Ang Zhan Xiang, Khuneswari P Gopal Pillay

385-396
- PDF 273
- Abstract View 47
Detection of Money Laundering Activities using Supervised Learning Techniques

Christine Yap En Xi, Rohayu Mohd Salleh

397-408
- PDF 41
- Abstract View 47
Satisfaction Index Regarding Financial Study Loans Among Students in UTHM Pagoh

Nik Azlin Nik Aziz, Suliadi Firdaus Sufahani

409-417
- PDF 27
- Abstract View 30
Statistical Modelling of Child Abuse Incidence in Malaysia: A Count Data Regression Approach (2016-2021)

Nurul Aina Baherunzaman, Siti Noor Asyikin Mohd Razali

418-425
- PDF 52
- Abstract View 44
Time Series Modelling of Daily Blood Donations in Malaysia

Nur Sakinah Azlin, Maria Elena Nor

426-436
- PDF 67
- Abstract View 46
Forecasting Daily Ridership for KTMB Services in Malaysia By Using Time Series Analysis

Nuraqilah Layanah A.Lotfi, Kamil Khalid

437-445
- PDF 52
- Abstract View 61
Predicting Residential Housing Rent Prices Using Machine Learning and Statistical Modelling Approaches

Nur Suhaila Bdrul Hisham, Azme Khamis

446-455
- PDF 79
- Abstract View 51
Analysis of Taste Preferences Influenced by Environmental Factors using Multinomial Logistics Regression

Muhammad Ihsan Hafizar , Norziha Che Him, Noor Azliza Abd Latif, Yusliandy Yusof

456-466
- PDF 35
- Abstract View 43
Forecasting of Rainfall in Kota Bharu Station Using Holt-Winters, SARIMA and Time Series Regression Model

Nur Ayu Nabila Rahim, Maria Elena Nor

467-477
- PDF 39
- Abstract View 39
Assessing the Impact of Age on Foot Morphology and Feature Prioritisation using PERMANOVA and AHP Analysis

Nazatul Aina Nasuha Nazarudin, Norziha Che Him , Noor Azliza Abd Latif, Yusliandy Yusof

478-490
- PDF 29
- Abstract View 33
Comparative Study of Graph Colouring and Simulated Annealing for Examination Timetabling at UTHM Pagoh

Chang Chu Yun, Wan Nor Munirah Ariffin

491-500
- PDF 68
- Abstract View 59
Tourist Route Optimisation in Melaka and Penang Using Nearest Neighbour and GRASP Algorithms

Yung Qing Xiu, Wan Nor Munirah Ariffin

501-511
- PDF 41
- Abstract View 44
Analysis of Social Anxiety Factors using Ordinal Logistic Regression in Australia 2019-2022

Lee Kar Wen, Norziha Che Him, Noor Azliza Abd Latif, Yusliandy Yusof

512-522
- PDF 41
- Abstract View 51
Identifying Factors Affecting the Number of Singapore Tourists’ Arrivals to Malaysia using Regression Analysis

Nur Farah Aliyah Mohd Fadzil, Rohayu Mohd Salleh

523-532
- PDF 55
- Abstract View 55
Assessing Awareness and Opinions on Anti-Corruption and Integrity Education in Malaysian Secondary School

Muhammad Hazim Mohd Badri, Siti Noor Asyikin Mohd Razali

533-542
- PDF 43
- Abstract View 79
Satisfaction Index and Prioritizing the Factor of Students’ Satisfaction Towards UTHM Hostel in Pagoh

Woon Yee Ying, Suliadi Firdaus Sufahani

543-553
- PDF 48
- Abstract View 38
Analysing Electricity Consumption in Malaysia via Linear Programming, Time Series Analysis and Clustering Analysis

Tey Sin Ying, Wan Nor Munirah Ariffin

554-565
- PDF 44
- Abstract View 46
Forecasting Natural Gas Prices in Malaysia Using Double Exponential Smoothing, Arima and XGBoost Models

Kang Yuan Chin, Kamil Khalid

566-571
- PDF 33
- Abstract View 40
Forecasting Electricity Consumption in Malaysia using Holt-Winters’ Exponential Smoothing, SARIMA and FB Prophet

Choong Hor Yin, Kamil Khalid

572-580
- PDF 43
- Abstract View 42
Multinomial Logistic Regression for Diabetes Prediction using LASSO and Elastic Net Regularization

Tai Wei Hong, Khuneswari P Gopal Pillay

581-891
- PDF 60
- Abstract View 55
A Statistical Comparison of Cancer Mortality Rates Between Developed and Developing Countries

Nur Syameerah Hanani Mohd Kamaruzaman, Mohd Saifullah Rusiman

592-602
- PDF 33
- Abstract View 42
Analysis on Students’ Perspective Toward Academic, Career Aspirations and Destinations After SPM in Muar, Johor

Nik Mufidah Hasanah Nik Izan, Siti Noor Asyikin Mohd Razali

603-612
- PDF 40
- Abstract View 56
Assessing Flood Factors through Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Techniques

Ong Jun Xian, Azme Khamis

613-621
- PDF 42
- Abstract View 46

Physic

Design and Development of Smart Irrigation System in Paddy Field

Muhammad Sahimi Othman, Afishah Alias

622-627
- PDF 48
- Abstract View 47
Design and Implementation of a Cryptographic Framework for Secure Communication Using Audio Steganography in Digital Music

Rachel Liew Ruo En, Afishah Alias

628-637
- PDF 44
- Abstract View 41
Development of a Skyglow Investigation System for Simulated Urban Environment

Yuvaneshwaran Srinivasan, Afishah Alias

638-646
- PDF 51
- Abstract View 45
Sensitivity Analysis of AuNP-Functionalized D-Shaped Optical Fiber SPR Sensor Using Agricultural Media

Muhammad Zelmy Hatim Mazlan, Noor Azura Awang

647-652
- PDF 41
- Abstract View 37
Detection of Milk Spoilage Using Au D-Shaped Fiber Sensor based on Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance

Farzana Nazurah Rosli, Noor Azura Awang

653-658
- PDF 39
- Abstract View 46
Differentiation of Imported and Local Rice using Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy (THz-TDS)

Siti Norsyafiqah, Noor Azura Awang

659-665
- PDF 35
- Abstract View 44
Modelling of Tritium Breeding For Fusion Blanket Using Geant 4

Nul Alya Aqilah Mahamad Zaidi, Ahmad Hassan Sallehudin Mohd Sarif

666-674
- PDF 49
- Abstract View 39
Design and Integration of Electronic Pressure Sensor for Stroke Patient

Nur Elmira Zalia Zulhibabullah, Ahmad Hadi Ali

675-681
- PDF 35
- Abstract View 34
Characterization of Sputter Deposited Molybdenum Thin Film on PET for Wearable Health Sensor

Ji Xuan Nga, Ahmad Hadi Ali

682-689
- PDF 37
- Abstract View 40
Sputter Deposition of Silver Thin Films on Pet and Laser Annealing for Flexible Strain Sensor

Trisson Cheong Kok Ming, Ahmad Hadi Ali

690-697
- PDF 42
- Abstract View 50
Characterization of Nickel Thin Films as Strain Sensors for Wearable Health Monitoring System

Nur Khairunnisa Amrang, Ahmad Hadi Ali

698-708
- PDF 38
- Abstract View 38

Biodiversity

Ectoparasite Investigation on Bats in Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Johor

Fatin Nursyamimi Mohd Rasli, Arney Sapaat

709-716
- PDF 39
- Abstract View 42
Assessment on Skeleton Preservation Preparation Techniques of Rats

Haifa Hazwani Habir, Arney Sapaat

717-724
- PDF 77
- Abstract View 70
Distribution of Non Volant Small Mammals in Different Landscape in Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Johor

Hani Fasihah Mohd Shaifuddin, Arney Sapaat

725-732
- PDF 55
- Abstract View 65
Ectoparasites Investigation on Non-Volant Small Mammals in Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Johor

Juliana Joshua, Arney Sapaat

733-741
- PDF 64
- Abstract View 59
Evaluating the Influence of Water Quality on Macroinvertebrate Diversity Using Bioindicator Analysis

Nurul Shahiera Atieka Yunus, Furzani Pa'ee, Hurulain Silmina Hamdi

742-747
- PDF 39
- Abstract View 43
Comparative Study of Heavy Metal Uptake by Invasive Plant in Two Aquatic Environment

Hurulain Silmina Hamdi, Furzani Pa'ee, Haiqal Hazwan Mohd Hanafi, Muhammad Amirullah Mohd Rosli

748-754
- PDF 37
- Abstract View 44

Chemistry

Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Fourier Transform Infrared Analyses of Filled Polymer Pellets

Nazim Basir Nawi, Saliza Asman

1-6
- PDF 42
- Abstract View 47
Thermal and Functional Group Analyses of Potato Starch and Corn Starch Biopolymer Film

Mohamad Syahrul Kabir, Saliza Asman

7-13
- PDF 29
- Abstract View 48
UV-Induced Degradation Behaviour of HDPE, PET and NBR Films: An FTIR Analysis

Zuhayra Mohd Zulfikar, Saliza Asman

14-21
- PDF 62
- Abstract View 73
Surface and Cross-Sectional Morphology of Wood Plastic Composite Using Scanning Electron Microscopy

Muhammad Hazim Kamaruzaman, Saliza Asman

22-29
- PDF 38
- Abstract View 53
Comparative Study on the Surface Morphology and Structural Degradation of Bio-based Polylactic Acid and Conventional High-Density Polyethylene

Nur Insyirah Rosli, Saliza Asman

30-38
- PDF 41
- Abstract View 65
Thermal Degradation and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Characterization of Polypropylene under Multiple Mechanical Recycling Cycles

Siti Hajar Zakaria, Saliza Asman

39-49
- PDF 62
- Abstract View 78