Performance Evaluation of a Thermoelectric Generator (TEG) Integrated Closed Waste-to-Energy Incineration System

Abstract

Household waste management and renewable energy generation have become increasingly critical issues due to rising waste production and environmental pollution. This study presents the development of a Closed Incineration Mini House Waste-to-Energy System utilizing Thermoelectric Generator (TEG) technology to convert waste heat into electrical energy. The system comprises a closed combustion chamber constructed from mild steel with refractory brick insulation, fueled by garden waste. Experimental trials were conducted using 300 g and 600 g biomass loads, with transient temperature profiles monitored across the chamber surfaces to determine the optimal TEG placement. Results revealed that the top surface consistently produced the highest thermal intensity, reaching a maximum of 108.0 °C at the 3‑minute mark, thereby establishing it as the most effective location for TEG installation. Further evaluation of thermal management strategies demonstrated that iceblock cooling generated the strongest temperature gradient (ΔT), producing peak electrical outputs of 8.4 V and 0.5 A for Series 1 and 5.7 V and 0.45 A for Series 2. However, performance declined rapidly as the ice melted and the hot side cooled, underscoring the need for a sustained heat source and long-lasting cooling medium to ensure stable power generation. Overall, the developed system successfully converted waste heat into usable electricity while simultaneously reducing household waste, highlighting its potential as a low-cost, environmentally friendly, and scalable waste-to-energy solution for small-scale applications.